Breast and Cervical Cancer

Epidemiology of Breast Cancer and Risk Factors

The field of cancer Epidemiology is a diverse area of science and medical application that is constantly evolving. A key focus of Cancer Epidemiology is the quantification of disease incidence and prevalence and the assessment of outcomes such as morbidity and mortality. Typically, the objective is to identify risk factors by comparing exposure to non-exposed populations and using epidemiological techniques Including a causal inference and survival analysis to assess the risk of cancer.  Environmental factors (e.g. pesticides, electromagnetic fields, UV radiation, groundwater contamination, mercury in fish, indoor non-gas building materials, cell towers) may be associated with harmful behaviors (e.g. cigarette smoking, dietary fat anal/oral sex, alcohol use, inactivity), Consequences of modern lifestyles (poor sleep, work anxiety, marital stress), due to intrinsic immunological and genetic determinants or linked to other factors (e.g. socio-economic status, discrimination).