Breast and Cervical Cancer

Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer continues to be a major health concern worldwide. Over the last few decades, it has become increasingly apparent that human papillomavirus (HPV) is strongly associated with cervical cancer. Several other associations have been identified between microorganism infections and cancer, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and gastric cancer, lymphoepithelioma-like cancer and Lymphomas, Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer and lymphoid tissue lymphoma associated with mucosa; and human herpesvirus 8 and Kaposi sarcoma. However, these associations have different strengths. For example, H pylori is probably indirectly related to gastric cancer— it causes a chronic infection that can eventually lead to atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and cancer.